Ibikoresho bya plastike nibice byingenzi byibikoresho mu nganda zitunganya plastiki, zikoreshwa cyane mu gukora ibicuruzwa nkimiyoboro, imyirondoro, firime, hamwe n’insinga n’umugozi. Inzira ikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi, zirimo gutegura ibikoresho bibisi, gushyushya no gushonga, plastike no gusohora, kubumba no gukonjesha, no kohereza - gutunganya. Buri ntambwe igira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yibicuruzwa byanyuma. Iyi ngingo isobanura kuri gahunda isanzwe yimikorere ningingo zingenzi za tekinike ya plastike ya plastike.
1. Gutegura ibikoresho bito no kubitegura
Intambwe yambere mubikorwa byo gukuramo plastike ni ugusuzuma no kwitegura ibikoresho fatizo. Ukurikije ibicuruzwa bisabwa, ibikoresho fatizo birashobora kuba resin imwe (nka polyethylene (PE) cyangwa polypropilene (PP)) cyangwa guhuriza hamwe ibikoresho byinshi (nkibirimo karisiyumu yuzuye ya karubone cyangwa masterbatches). Ibikoresho bibisi bigomba kuba byujuje ibi bikurikira:
Isuku: Irinde kwanduzwa n'umwanda (nk'ibice by'ibyuma n'ibipapuro by'impapuro), bishobora gutera ibikoresho cyangwa kwangiza ibicuruzwa.
Kuma: Ibikoresho bya Hygroscopique (nka nylon PA na polyikarubone PC) bigomba gukama mu cyuma kuri dogere 80-120 mu masaha menshi kugirango birinde ibibyimba mugihe cyo kuyisohora.
Kuvanga Uniformity: Niba formulaire irimo inyongeramusaruro, shyiramo masterbatch cyangwa izindi nyongeramusaruro mvaruganda - yihuta kugirango wizere ko utatanye.
II. Kugaburira no Gutanga Icyiciro
Ibikoresho fatizo byateguwe byinjira muri barri ya extruder binyuze muri hopper. Ibisohokayandikiro bigezweho akenshi bifite ibikoresho byigaburo cyangwa kugaburira ibiryo kugirango bigabanye igipimo cyibiryo gikomeza kandi gihamye. Ibitekerezo byingenzi muriki cyiciro birimo:
Kugaburira Igipimo cyo Kugaburira: Ibi bigomba guhuzwa n'umuvuduko wa screw hamwe nubushobozi bwo gushonga kugirango wirinde gukusanya ibintu cyangwa kudakora muri barriel.
Anti {{0} Design Igishushanyo mbonera: Urukuta rw'imbere rwa hopper akenshi rushyirwaho kaseti cyangwa rufite ibikoresho byo gukangurira abantu kwirinda ikiraro no kuziba kubera amazi mabi.
III. Gushyushya, gushonga, na plastike
Nyuma yuko ibikoresho bibisi byinjiye muri barriel, bigenda bishonga buhoro buhoro bigashyirwa mubikorwa hamwe no guhuza imigozi no gushyushya hanze. Iyi nzira igabanijwemo ibice bitatu bikora:
Gutanga Igice (Igice cyo Kugaburira): Imashini izunguruka ku muvuduko muke, isunika ibikoresho imbere. Ubushyuhe bwa barrale buri hasi (mubisanzwe dogere 80-120) kugirango wirinde gushonga imburagihe.
Igice cyo guhonyora (Igice cyo gushonga): Ubushyuhe bwa barrile bwiyongera buhoro buhoro kugeza hejuru yo gushonga kwa plastiki (urugero, dogere zigera kuri 160-180 kuri PE). Ubujyakuzimu bwa screw buragabanuka, bwongera imbaraga zo gukata no guhindura ibice bikomeye gushonga.
Igice cyo gupima (Igice cya Homogenisation): Ubushyuhe bugumaho buri gihe (hejuru gato gato yo gushonga), kandi umugozi ukora ku muvuduko mwinshi kugirango umuvuduko ushushe ushushe hamwe nibintu bimwe.
Ibyingenzi byingenzi bya tekinike: Ubushyuhe bwa barriel, umuvuduko wa screw (mubisanzwe 50-300 rpm), hamwe nigitutu cyo gushonga (5-20 MPa) bigomba guhinduka ukurikije ibintu bifatika. Kurugero, gutunganya PVC bisaba ubushyuhe buke (dogere 150-180) kugirango wirinde kubora.
IV. Gukuramo no Gupfa
Gushonga bya pulasitiki bisohorwa mu mutwe wapfuye kugirango bibe umusaraba wifuzwa - (igice cyizengurutse cyangwa imyirondoro y'urukiramende). Gupfa gushushanya bigira ingaruka nziza kubicuruzwa kandi bigomba kuba byujuje ibi bikurikira:
Kuringaniza umuyoboro: Kwemeza igitutu kimwe mubyerekezo byose bishonga kugirango wirinde kwuzura cyangwa gukabya.
Kugenzura ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwo gupfa mubusanzwe buri munsi yubushyuhe bwa barriel kugirango bishyure ubushyuhe kandi bigumane amazi.
V. Gukonjesha no gushushanya
Amashanyarazi ashyushye ashyushye agomba gukonjeshwa vuba no gushingwa. Uburyo busanzwe burimo:
Gukonjesha amazi: Ibi bigerwaho no kwibizwa mu kigega cyamazi cyangwa sisitemu yo gutera (nko mumirongo itanga imiyoboro). Ubushyuhe bwamazi akonje bugomba guhinduka ukurikije ibikoresho (mubisanzwe dogere 15-40).
Gukonjesha ikirere: Bikwiranye na firime yoroheje cyangwa yoroheje - ibicuruzwa bikikijwe, ukoresheje umuyaga cyangwa ibicurane kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe.
Hagati aho, imashini ishushanya ikurura ibicuruzwa ku muvuduko uhoraho kugirango habeho ituze rinini. Ikigereranyo cyo gushushanya umuvuduko wo kwihuta (gushushanya) byerekana ubwinshi bwibicuruzwa nibintu bifatika.
VI. Gukata no Kohereza - Gutunganya
Nyuma yo gukonjesha, ibicuruzwa byaciwemo ibice (urugero, imiyoboro ya metero 6) cyangwa gukomeretsa mumuzingo (urugero, firime, insinga, ninsinga) ukoresheje icyuma cyo kumurongo. Ibicuruzwa bimwe bisaba gutunganywa neza, nka:
Kuvura hejuru: Kuvura ibirimi cyangwa kuvura corona kugirango wongere ibyapa;
Ubugenzuzi Bwiza: Gukurikirana uburebure bwurukuta ukoresheje igipimo cya infragre yubugari cyangwa igenzura ryibonekeje.
Inzira yo gukuramo plastike ihuza ubuhanga butandukanye (ibikoresho bya polymer siyanse, imashini yubukanishi, hamwe na thermodynamic). Kunonosora ibipimo kuri buri cyiciro (urugero, imiterere yubushyuhe hamwe nibikoresho bya screw) birashobora kuzamura cyane umusaruro mwiza nubwiza bwibicuruzwa. Hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya tekinoroji yubukorikori, ibikoresho bigezweho byo gukuramo byahujije uburyo nyabwo - bwo kugenzura igihe hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga ibitekerezo byikora, bikomeza guteza imbere inganda zitunganya plastike zerekeza kuri - neza kandi zangiza ibidukikije.
