Nkibice byingenzi bigize sisitemu yo gucunga imyanda igezweho, imirongo itunganya imyanda ya plastike itwara ubutumwa bwingenzi bwo guhindura plastiki yimyanda ikoreshwa. Kubera ko isi igenda yiyongera ku ihumana rya pulasitike no kurushaho gushimangira iterambere rirambye, ikoranabuhanga ry’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu buryo bwa pulasitike rihora ritera imbere, kandi igishushanyo mbonera cy’umurongo, imikorere, n’ibidukikije bikomeje kunozwa. Iyi ngingo izaganira ku nzira igenda, iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga, ingaruka z’ibidukikije, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza h’umurongo utunganya amashanyarazi.
Inzira zitemba hamwe ningenzi
Imirongo ikoreshwa neza ya plastike mubisanzwe ikubiyemo intambwe zingenzi nko kwitegura, gutondeka, gukora isuku, kumenagura, no gushonga. Ubwa mbere, imyanda ya plastiki itondekwa mu ntoki cyangwa mu buryo bwa tekinike kugirango ikureho - imyanda idasubirwaho nk'icyuma n'ikirahure. Ibikurikira, hafi ya - infrared (NIR) spekitroscopi cyangwa uburyo bwo gutondekanya ubucucike bikoreshwa mugutondekanya neza ubwoko butandukanye bwa plastiki (nka PET, HDPE, na PVC). Isuku ikuraho amavuta n'ibisigara hejuru ya plastike, mugihe kumenagura bimena plastike mo pellet ikwiriye gutunganywa nyuma. Hanyuma, binyuze mu gushonga pelletisiyasi, plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa irashobora kwinjizwa mubikorwa- byinjira mubikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro ibikoresho byo gupakira, fibre, cyangwa nibindi bicuruzwa byinganda.
Uburyo bwiza bwo gutondekanya tekinoroji ni urufunguzo rwo kunoza imikorere yumurongo. Kurugero, AI - sisitemu yo kumenyekanisha amashusho irashobora gutandukanya plastike ivanze hamwe nukuri, mugihe gutondekanya amashanyarazi bikwiranye no gutandukanya ubwoko bwa plastike nibitandukaniro rikomeye mumikorere. Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ryateje imbere cyane umurongo wo gutunganya umurongo no gukoresha umutungo.
Guhanga udushya no gukoresha ibidukikije
Mu myaka yashize, guhanga udushya mu murongo wa plastiki itunganya amashanyarazi byibanze cyane cyane ku gutunganya imiti no kongera ingufu. Mugihe uburyo busanzwe bwo gutunganya ibintu bushobora gutunganya ibintu byinshi bya plastiki, bigarukira ku kwangirika kwibintu (urugero, kuvunika urunigi rwa molekile biterwa nuburyo bwinshi bwo gushonga). Ku rundi ruhande, imiti ikoreshwa neza, ikoresha depolymerisation kugirango igabanye plastike kuri monomers cyangwa ibikoresho fatizo by’imiti, igera ku icupa ryinshi - "icupa - kugeza - icupa". Kurugero, pyrolysis irashobora guhindura plastike ivanze mumavuta ya lisansi, mugihe solvolysis ikwiranye no kweza no kuvugurura plastike ndende - nka PET.
Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, imirongo igezweho ikoresha uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amazi afunze hamwe n’ibikoresho byoza gazi kugira ngo bigabanye cyane amazi y’amazi n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Imirongo imwe yateye imbere yo gutunganya kandi ihuza amashanyarazi yizuba cyangwa biomass kugirango irusheho kugabanya ikirere cyayo. Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, ibishushanyo mbonera bituma imirongo ikoreshwa neza kugirango ihuze neza n’ibikenewe n’abaturage cyangwa inganda zingana, byorohereza iterambere ry’imiyoboro ikwirakwizwa.
Inzitizi n'ibizaza
Nubwo iterambere ryiterambere ryiterambere, imirongo itunganya plastike iracyafite ibibazo byinshi. Ubwa mbere, igipimo cyo gutunganya ibiciro bya - agaciro ka plastiki (nka firime hamwe nugupakira hamwe) ni bike, bisaba ko hakoreshwa uburyo bwinshi bwo gutondeka ibikoresho -. Icya kabiri, ubusumbane muri sisitemu yo gutunganya isi yose bivuze ko plastike nyinshi ikomeje kumenwa cyangwa gutwikwa. Ku rwego rwa politiki, ingamba nka Strategy Strategy y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na gahunda y’icyitegererezo y’Ubushinwa "Zero Waste City" iteza imbere ibiciro by’ibicuruzwa binyuze mu mategeko no gushimangira ubukungu. Hagati aho, "Sisitemu Yagutse Yakozwe na Producer" (EPR) kuruhande rwibigo nayo irashishikariza ibicuruzwa gushora imari muri sisitemu yo gufunga -.
Mu bihe biri imbere, iterambere ryimirongo itunganyirizwamo plastike izerekana inzira eshatu zingenzi: icya mbere, kuzamura ubwenge, gukoresha interineti yibintu hamwe namakuru manini kugirango ukurikirane imiterere yibikoresho mugihe nyacyo no kunoza ibipimo ngenderwaho; icya kabiri, ibimaze kugerwaho muri bio - bishingiye kuri tekinoroji ya plastike ikoreshwa neza, nka hydrolysis ikora neza ya hydrolysis ya biologiya ishobora kwangirika nka PLA; n'icya gatatu, gushimangira imiyoboro ikorana n’isi yose, harimo guhuza umusaraba - ibipimo by’ibicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu mipaka no guhuza ubucuruzi bwa plastiki bwakoreshejwe.
Umwanzuro
Imirongo itunganyirizwamo plastike ntabwo ari urufunguzo rwibanze gusa ahubwo ni igikoresho cyibanze mu kurwanya umwanda. Binyuze mu guhanga udushya no gufatanya na gahunda, imirongo itunganyirizwa mu gihe kizaza izarushaho gukora neza no kubungabunga ibidukikije, itange inkunga ihamye yo kubaka ubukungu buke bwa -. Ariko, kugira ngo iyi ntego igerweho bisaba imbaraga za guverinoma, ubucuruzi, n’abaturage kugira ngo habeho igisubizo kirambye mu masoko yose yatanzwe, kuva kugabanuka kugeza ku ndunduro - ya -.
